ABSTRACT
Basis: Long term rest in bed, as well as stay in microgravitational environment lead to musculoskeletal decondition and systemic changes that threaten health of an individual. Method: In this work, information from the studies published in electronic databases and journals till the end of the year 2020 concerning prevention of musculoskeletal decondition during the long term immobilization and adaptation to microgravitational environment. Results and conclusions: Increased neuromuscular activity caused by indirect vibration stimulation increases the muscle strength and influences bone remodulation. The effect is increased by combination of vibration stimulation with isometric exercise. Whole body vibration stimulation is recommended as a useful and safe procedure also in patients on ICU with COVID-19 patients. Long term lying on the bed with 6° decline, with head down, proved to be good for stimulation of physiological changes present in microgravitational environment. Both aerobic and resistance training in long term stay in international space station was able to significantly decrease the loss of muscle strength and increase the bone formation. Long term missions planned for the future are still a challenge, because the present technical equipment is too big for planned smaller area. Data acquired from simulated and real microgravitation suggest that high intensive interval training in combination with power expansion could be effective in musculoskeletal decondition prevention. © 2021, LIECREH GUTH. All rights reserved.